India has a population of almost 1.2 billion people. 55% of this population (nearly 600 million people) has no access to toilets. Most of these numbers are made up by people who live in urban slums and rural areas. A large populace in the rural areas still defecates in the open. Slum dwellers in major metropolitan cities, reside along railway tracks and have no access to toilets or a running supply of water. The situation in urban areas in terms of scale is not as serious as rural areas.
Around 1,000 children below the age of five die every day in India from diarrhoea, hepatitis-causing pathogens and other sanitation-related diseases, according to the report of United Nations Children's Fund.
Sanitary conditions at school heavily influence school attendance, especially by girls. Lack of facilities or unhygienic conditions not only prevent children from participating in school, but also negatively affect their concentration and ability to learn, said Chandra Mohan Rai, minister, public health engineering department (PHED),
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